How do you debug a memory leak in an application?

A memory leak is memory that’s no longer needed but still referenced. **Approach:** - Reproduce and measure (RSS/heap growth). - Capture heap snapshots / dumps. - Compare snapshots to find retained objects. - Identify unexpected references (caches, global lists, event listeners). - Fix and add regression tests/alerts. **Interview tip:** mention that caches need eviction (LRU/TTL) and listeners must be unsubscribed.